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History

Monterey, located on the central coast of California, has a rich history that spans centuries. The area was originally inhabited by indigenous people, including the Rumsen Ohlone tribe. Here's an overview of Monterey's history:

Indigenous People: The Rumsen Ohlone people lived in the Monterey area for thousands of years before European contact. They had a sustainable way of life, relying on hunting, fishing, and gathering resources from the land and sea.

Spanish Exploration and Colonization: In 1602, Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno sailed into Monterey Bay and named it after the viceroy of New Spain, Gaspar de Zúñiga y Acevedo, Count of Monterrey. However, Spanish colonization did not begin until 1770 when Gaspar de Portolá and Father Junípero Serra established the Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo (also known as the Carmel Mission) near Monterey. The mission was the center of both religious and economic activity in the region.

Mexican Rule: After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, Monterey became a part of Mexican California. The Mexican period saw a shift in governance, and the secularization of the missions led to significant changes in the region's society and economy.

California's First Capital: In 1821, Monterey became the capital of Alta California, a Mexican territory that included present-day California, Nevada, and parts of Utah, Arizona, and Wyoming. The town's historic Custom House, built in 1827, served as California's first custom house and remains a significant historical site.

American Acquisition: In 1846, during the Mexican-American War, American forces under Commodore John D. Sloat claimed Monterey without much resistance. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, officially ended the war and transferred California to the United States.

California's Statehood: In 1850, California was admitted as the 31st state of the United States. Monterey's importance waned as other cities like San Francisco gained prominence, but the town continued to play a role in the region's history.

Fishing and Canneries: During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Monterey became known for its fishing industry, particularly the sardine fishery. Canneries lined the waterfront, contributing to the local economy and culture. However, overfishing and other environmental factors led to the decline of the sardine industry by the mid-20th century.

Tourism and Conservation: As the fishing industry declined, Monterey's natural beauty and historical significance attracted tourists. The Monterey Bay Aquarium, opened in 1984, became a major draw, focusing on marine conservation and education.

Today, Monterey is a picturesque coastal town that blends its historical legacy with modern attractions. It's known for its stunning coastline, Cannery Row (formerly a bustling industrial area, now a popular tourist destination), and the annual Monterey Car Week, which showcases classic and exotic automobiles. The town's history is evident in its architecture, museums, and preserved landmarks, offering visitors a glimpse into California's past.

Top Tourist Attractions

The city offers a variety of attractions that cater to tourists interested in its history, natural beauty, and marine life. Here are some of the top tourist attractions in Monterey:

• Monterey Bay Aquarium: One of the most famous attractions in the area, the Monterey Bay Aquarium is renowned for its diverse marine life exhibits. From mesmerizing jellyfish displays to giant kelp forests, the aquarium provides an educational and immersive experience for visitors of all ages.
• Cannery Row: Once a bustling center for sardine canning, Cannery Row has transformed into a vibrant waterfront area filled with shops, restaurants, galleries, and hotels. It's a great place to stroll along the coast, enjoy local cuisine, and soak in the ocean views.
• 17-Mile Drive: This scenic drive winds through Pacific Grove and Pebble Beach, offering breathtaking views of the coastline, golf courses, and iconic landmarks like the Lone Cypress tree. There are numerous stops along the way, including Spanish Bay, Bird Rock, and the scenic overlooks.
• Monterey State Historic Park: This collection of historic buildings and sites includes the Custom House, which is California's first historic landmark and served as a government center during Mexican rule. The Pacific House Museum and other preserved structures provide insight into the region's history.
• Point Lobos State Natural Reserve: Just south of Monterey, this reserve boasts rugged cliffs, coves, and diverse marine life. Hiking trails lead to stunning viewpoints and offer opportunities to observe wildlife, such as sea lions, seals, and various bird species.
• Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History: This museum offers exhibits about the local ecosystems, wildlife, and cultural history of the area. It's a great place to learn about the region's natural beauty and geological features.
• Monterey Old Fisherman's Wharf: This lively wharf is filled with shops, seafood restaurants, and opportunities for whale-watching tours, fishing trips, and other water-based activities.
• Dennis the Menace Park: A family-friendly destination, this park features play structures, a maze, and a steam engine that kids can explore. It's a great spot for picnics and outdoor fun.
• Monterey Peninsula Recreational Trail: Also known as the Coastal Recreation Trail, this path stretches for miles along the coastline, offering scenic views and a perfect route for biking, jogging, or leisurely walks.
• Monterey Wine Country: While not a single attraction, the surrounding region features numerous wineries and vineyards. Monterey County is known for its cool-climate wines, including Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, making wine tasting tours a popular activity.

These are just a few of the many attractions that Monterey has to offer. The town's combination of natural beauty, historical significance, and family-friendly activities make it a popular destination for visitors from around the world.

Climate

The city has a Mediterranean climate that is characterized by mild, wet winters and cool, dry summers. Here's an overview of the climate in Monterey:

• Mild Winters: Winters in Monterey are generally mild and wet. The average high temperatures during the winter months (December to February) range from the mid-50s to low 60s Fahrenheit (12-17°C), while the average lows are in the mid-40s to low 50s Fahrenheit (7-12°C). Rainfall is relatively common during this season, with the wettest months being January and February.
• Cool Summers: Summers in Monterey are cool and dry compared to many other parts of California. The average high temperatures from June to August range from the mid-60s to mid-70s Fahrenheit (18-24°C), while the average lows are in the mid-50s to low 60s Fahrenheit (12-18°C). Coastal fog is a common occurrence during the summer months, which can sometimes lead to cooler and misty conditions.
• Frequent Fog: Monterey is known for its marine layer, a dense fog that often rolls in from the ocean and blankets the area, especially during the summer. This fog can have a significant cooling effect on temperatures, particularly in the mornings and evenings.
• Rainfall: The majority of Monterey's annual rainfall occurs between October and April, with the wettest months typically being January and February. The city receives around 20 to 25 inches (50 to 64 cm) of rainfall on average per year.
• Microclimates: Monterey's climate can vary due to its diverse geography. Coastal areas may experience more fog and cooler temperatures, while inland areas can be slightly warmer and drier.
• Moderate Temperatures: Overall, Monterey's climate is characterized by its moderate temperatures throughout the year. The influence of the cold California Current offshore helps keep temperatures relatively stable and prevents extreme heatwaves or cold snaps.

The moderate climate of Monterey, with its refreshing coastal breezes, makes it an attractive destination for visitors seeking pleasant weather year-round. However, it's always a good idea to check local weather forecasts before planning outdoor activities, especially due to the potential for fog and occasional rainfall.

Geography

It is known for its stunning natural beauty, including rugged coastlines, scenic viewpoints, and marine environments. Here's an overview of the geography of Monterey:

• Coastline: One of the defining features of Monterey is its picturesque coastline along the Pacific Ocean. The city is situated on a peninsula that extends into Monterey Bay, providing breathtaking views of the water and surrounding landscapes.
• Monterey Bay: Monterey Bay is a large, protected bay that stretches along the coast and is known for its rich marine life. It's home to diverse ecosystems, including kelp forests, tide pools, and underwater canyons. The bay provides habitat for marine mammals, such as sea otters, seals, and whales.
• Peninsula and Hills: The city of Monterey is nestled between the ocean and hills. The coastal hills provide scenic backdrops and can influence the city's microclimates. Point Lobos State Natural Reserve, located just south of Monterey, features dramatic coastal cliffs, coves, and hiking trails.
• 17-Mile Drive: This scenic route winds along the coastline, passing through Pacific Grove and Pebble Beach. It offers iconic views of the Pacific Ocean, golf courses, and attractions like the Lone Cypress tree.
• Marine Environments: The city's location has made it a hub for marine research and conservation. The Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, one of the largest marine protected areas in the United States, encompasses the bay and its diverse marine ecosystems.
• Carmel Bay: To the south of Monterey lies Carmel Bay, another beautiful bay with sandy beaches and rocky shores. The town of Carmel-by-the-Sea is located along this bay and offers charming architecture, art galleries, and boutique shops.
• Inland Areas: While the coastal areas are the primary attraction, the inland areas around Monterey also have their own charm. Carmel Valley, located to the east, features rolling hills, vineyards, and wineries, making it a destination for wine enthusiasts.
• Climate Influences: Monterey's geography, with its proximity to the cold California Current in the Pacific Ocean, plays a significant role in shaping its climate. The marine layer and coastal fog that often blanket the region are a result of this geographical interaction.

Overall, the geography of Monterey combines coastal beauty, marine ecosystems, and rolling landscapes to create a diverse and captivating environment. It's a place where visitors can explore both the wonders of the ocean and the natural landscapes of California's central coast.

Beautiful beach city on California's Monterey Peninsula

Carmel-by-the-Sea is a special place and it became that way on purpose! The City's ordinances, regulations, policies, and amenities created over the years by dedicated and hard-working citizens, property owners, and elected and appointed officials, have kept our village a desirable place to live, visit, and work. Through these efforts, Carmel-by-the-Sea has retained its village character and its quality of life since 1916. Just look to the alphabet to see why Carmel-by-the-Sea is unique!

The City is known for its white sand beach and luxuriant landscaped bluffs which are kept that way through the efforts of City staff and community volunteers who donate time regularly to keep the sand clean and free of litter and debris and maintain the landscaping. Fires are allowed on the beach only south of 10th Avenue, and only between the hours of 6:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.

The Carmel Foundation is a private, nonprofit foundation that supports the needs of the senior citizens of our community and provides a multiple-service facility open to members age 55 and older. The Foundation is located on the east side of Lincoln Street between 8th and 9th Avenues.

Although there is no provision for camping or sleeping on the beach or in one's car, camper, mobile home or trailer, Carmel-by-the-Sea's neighboring communities--Monterey, Carmel Valley, and Big Sur--provide camp grounds for visitors. Information and direction to these sites may be obtained from the City Hall staff.

In order to preserve the peace and quiet of our village, the hours of construction are 8:00 a.m. to 6:30 p.m., Monday through Saturday, unless other specified hours are permitted by the City's Building Official.

Our City was founded by artists and writers such as Mary DeNeale Morgan, Jane Gallatin Powers, William Ritschel, Armin Carl Hansen, George Sterling, Mary Austin, and Robinson Jeffers, whose home, Tor House, is open on weekends. The Carmel Art Association shows and offers art created by local artists. Carmel-by-the-Sea boasts a Sunset Community and Cultural Center dedicated to the arts and features performers from all over the world. Forest Theater, nestled in the trees, is a City-owned outdoor theater where many performances are held during the year.

In an effort to preserve Carmel-by-the-Sea's neighborhood character, all new construction, remodels and alterations are reviewed by the Planning Commission for site design, mass, bulk, scale, impact on trees, and neighborhood compatibility. Those interested in making other improvements to their property (e.g. additions, fences, walls, paving) submit applications to the Planning Department.

Carmel-by-the-Sea has a leash law for dogs in all areas of the City, except Carmel Beach and City parks. In the spirit of keeping the community clean, owners are required to clean up after their dogs. If the rules are not obeyed, pet owners can be cited and fined in all areas (including the Beach and City parks). As a reminder and to assist residents, plastic disposal bags are available at Carmel Beach and Mission Trail Nature Preserve.

Due to the average size of a Carmel-by-the-Sea lot (40 x 100 feet), driveways may not be wider than 12 feet for a single-car garage or 14 feet for a double-car garage, and should be constructed of permeable materials (decomposed granite, pavers set in sand, etc.) to allow percolation of rainwater into the ground.

The City has a long tradition of holding municipal elections in April of each even-numbered year, allowing citizens to focus on local issues. The City Council is composed of five members: the Mayor, who is elected for a 2-year term, and four Council Members who are elected for 4-year terms.

Carmel-by-the-Sea's architectural richness is due in part to its unique fences and walls which are constructed of unpainted wood, wrought iron or masonry made of mortared natural granite, shale, sandstone, masonry faced with wood or concrete block with cement plaster finish. Fence heights are typically limited to 4 feet adjacent to a public street and to 6 feet elsewhere.

Garage sales are allowed without a permit, but residents are limited to conducting such sales once during each consecutive 12-month period. Garage sales are also limited to 2 days duration. Signs may only be displayed on site during the hours of the sale and are limited to 3 square feet with a maximum of 3-inch letters.

The City has an exclusive franchise agreement with Waste Management for trash collection, which occurs once per week in the residential district and daily in the commercial district. Following each collection, residents retrieve all trash containers and recycle bins (provided for glass, plastic, paper and cardboard materials) and store them out of view.

Carmel-by-the-Sea is proud of its "quirkiness." Among its more unusual ordinances is one that requires a permit to wear certain high heel shoes. Since part of Carmel-by-the-Sea's charm is its urban forest, walking here may be more difficult than in other settings. As such, the ordinance was passed for liability reasons, but is rarely enforced. Nevertheless, it has become part of the Carmel-by-the-Sea tradition.

Information, including books, maps, and photographs regarding the history of Carmel-by-the-Sea, is available at the Harrison Memorial Library Park Branch Local History Department and the historic First Murphy House.

As in much of California's Central Coast, the climate of Carmel-by-the-Sea is semi-arid. As a convenient way to keep our City green and minimize the use of scarce water resources, the installation and use of drip irrigation systems for landscaping is encouraged.

Traditional village character is maintained by lighting from within private property. Therefore, exterior lighting on private property is limited to 25 watts for entrance fixtures and 15 watts per fixture for walkways. All lighting on public rights-of-way is reviewed and approved by the City.

Carmel-by-the-Sea is fortunate to have a library in two locations: the main Harrison Memorial Library, located on Ocean Avenue at Lincoln Street, and the Park Branch located at Mission Street and Sixth Avenue. The Park Branch provides children's service and houses the City's historical archives.

Mission Trail Nature Preserve, along the eastern border of town, is used for passive recreation such as hiking. First Murphy Park, which is located diagonally behind the Harrison Memorial Library, and Piccadilly Park located on Dolores Street south of Ocean Avenue, are used for sitting, resting and enjoying the surroundings. Devendorf Park, located at the intersection of Ocean and Junipero Avenues, is used for picnics, relaxing and some community events. Forest Hill Park includes a children's play area, shuffle board court, horseshoe pits and tennis courts. Forest Theater is a 2-acre park that houses the first outdoor theater west of the Rocky Mountains. Carmel Beach dominates the City's entire western boundary. There are over 90 acres devoted to public parks within the City limits of Carmel-by-the-Sea. Public restrooms are located in all parks, except the Mission Trail Nature Preserve.

Public property, other than that devoted to streets and municipal purposes, is dedicated to greenbelt and open space. Encroachments in the public right-of-way such as concrete, asphalt, gravel, fill, rocks, etc., are discouraged and may be installed only with prior approval. Drought-tolerant landscaping and use of native vegetation is encouraged along street edges to help maintain the City's park-like environment.

The City provides recreational programs and coordinates community activities through the Recreation and Community Activities Division offices located at Sunset Community and Cultural Center.

The review of plans for new construction takes into consideration the impact of the project on the viewshed afforded the public and owners of neighboring properties. Requests to trim or remove the upper crown of trees to improve views are evaluated, but frequently denied because of the potential detrimental impact these techniques may have on the health of our urban forest.

Vista Lobos was acquired by the City to preserve open space and to protect a view corridor to the ocean. A recreational facility is housed and managed by City staff at Vista Lobos. Outdoor tables, barbecue, and benches are available for leisure activities. Vista Lobos is one of the few areas in the community that offers free parking every day of the week.