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Calpe, also known as Calp, is a coastal town located in the province of Alicante, Spain. It is situated in the eastern part of the country, on the Costa Blanca. Calpe has a rich and fascinating history that dates back thousands of years. Here's an overview of the Calpe history in Alicante:

Ancient Times: The area around Calpe has been inhabited since ancient times. It was originally settled by Iberian tribes, and later came under the influence of Phoenician and Greek traders. The Phoenicians established a trading post in the region, which was primarily involved in the export of locally produced wine.

Roman Era: During the Roman period, Calpe was known as "Calpe Mons" or "Mount Calpe." The Romans built a settlement in the area, which served as a strategic point for their maritime activities. They constructed a fortress on the summit of the rock, now known as the Peñón de Ifach, which provided protection against pirate attacks.

Medieval Period: After the fall of the Roman Empire, Calpe came under the rule of various civilizations, including the Visigoths and the Moors. The town was part of the Al-Andalus region and experienced a significant influence of Islamic culture during this period.

Reconquista and Christian Rule: In the 13th century, the Christian Kingdom of Aragon launched the Reconquista to retake the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. Calpe was eventually captured by the Aragonese forces in 1244. Subsequently, the town became part of the Kingdom of Valencia. The Christian rulers initiated the process of rebuilding and fortifying Calpe, with the aim of defending the coast against pirate attacks.

Modern Era: Calpe remained a small fishing village for many centuries. In the 19th century, the town started to experience a modest growth due to the development of the salt industry and the export of raisins. However, it was in the mid-20th century, with the rise of tourism, that Calpe underwent significant transformation. The beautiful beaches, picturesque landscapes, and the iconic Peñón de Ifach attracted visitors from around the world, leading to the construction of hotels, resorts, and other tourist facilities.

Present Day: Today, Calpe is a popular tourist destination, known for its stunning beaches, crystal-clear waters, and its iconic rock formation, the Peñón de Ifach. The town has managed to preserve its charm and character while offering modern amenities and a wide range of recreational activities to visitors.

In addition to tourism, Calpe is also an important fishing port, and its local fish market is known for its fresh seafood. The town's economy is further supported by agriculture, particularly the cultivation of citrus fruits and almonds, as well as the production of salt.

Calpe's rich history is reflected in its architecture, with remnants of ancient walls, Roman ruins, and medieval structures blending seamlessly with modern buildings. The town also celebrates various cultural events and festivals throughout the year, providing a glimpse into its vibrant heritage. Overall, Calpe's history in Alicante is a fascinating tapestry of ancient civilizations, medieval struggles, and modern growth, making it a captivating place to explore and experience.

Top Tourist Attractions

Calpe offers a variety of tourist attractions that cater to different interests. Here are some of the top attractions:

• Peñón de Ifach: The iconic Peñón de Ifach is a massive limestone rock formation that juts out of the sea, forming a natural park. It is a symbol of Calpe and offers breathtaking views of the town and coastline. Visitors can hike to the top of the rock for panoramic vistas, observe the local flora and fauna, and explore the tunnels and caves.
• Calpe Beaches: Calpe boasts beautiful sandy beaches with crystal-clear waters. The main beaches include Playa de la Fossa (Levante Beach) and Playa Arenal-Bol. These beaches offer excellent swimming and sunbathing opportunities, as well as water sports such as sailing, jet skiing, and paddleboarding.
• Old Town (Casco Antiguo): Explore the charming Old Town of Calpe, characterized by narrow streets, whitewashed houses, and a relaxed atmosphere. Visit the historic Church of Our Lady of the Snows (Iglesia Antigua), stroll around the Plaza de la Villa, and discover local shops, restaurants, and bars.
• Calpe Fishing Port: Located near the Old Town, the fishing port of Calpe is a lively place to visit. Watch the fishermen bring in their daily catch and experience the vibrant atmosphere. You can also dine at the seafood restaurants here to savor the fresh local delicacies.
• Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico (Archaeological and Ethnological Museum): This museum showcases the history and culture of Calpe and the surrounding area. Discover archaeological artifacts, traditional costumes, tools, and models that provide insight into the region's past.
• Salinas de Calpe (Salt Flats): Calpe has a long history of salt production, and the Salinas de Calpe offer a glimpse into this traditional industry. Take a guided tour to learn about the salt extraction process, observe the colorful salt ponds, and spot various bird species that inhabit the area.
• Mirador Monte Toix: For panoramic views of the coastline and the surrounding landscapes, visit the Mirador Monte Toix. It offers stunning vistas of the Mediterranean Sea, the Penyal d'Ifac, and the Sierra de Bernia mountain range. It's an excellent spot for photography and enjoying the natural beauty of Calpe.
• La Muralla Roja: Architecture enthusiasts will appreciate a visit to La Muralla Roja, a striking building designed by renowned architect Ricardo Bofill. Its distinctive geometric design and vibrant colors make it a popular spot for photography and exploration.

These are just a few highlights of the top tourist attractions in Calpe. The town also hosts various cultural events and festivals throughout the year, providing additional opportunities for entertainment and immersion in the local culture.

Climate

Calpe enjoys a Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by mild winters and hot summers. The climate is generally pleasant throughout the year, making Calpe an appealing destination for tourists seeking sunshine and warmth. Here are some details about the climate in Calpe:

• Summers (June to September): Summers in Calpe are hot and dry. Average temperatures range from 24°C (75°F) in June to 31°C (88°F) in August, with occasional peaks reaching above 35°C (95°F). The sea temperature during this season is around 25°C (77°F), perfect for swimming and water activities. It is advisable to protect yourself from the strong sun by using sunscreen and seeking shade during the hottest hours of the day.
• Spring (March to May): Spring in Calpe is mild and sees a gradual increase in temperatures. March and April have average temperatures ranging from 17°C (63°F) to 21°C (70°F), while May sees temperatures around 24°C (75°F). Spring is a pleasant time to visit Calpe, with comfortable weather and blooming flowers.
• Autumn (October to November): Autumn in Calpe is also mild and comfortable. October still has relatively warm temperatures, ranging from 22°C (72°F) to 26°C (79°F). November sees a slight drop in temperatures, ranging from 17°C (63°F) to 21°C (70°F). It is a good time for outdoor activities and exploring the town without the intense heat of summer.
• Winter (December to February): Winters in Calpe are mild compared to many other European destinations. The average temperatures range from 11°C (52°F) in December and January to 15°C (59°F) in February. While it can be cooler during these months, it rarely gets very cold, and snowfall is extremely rare. Visitors can still enjoy outdoor activities, although the sea might be too cool for swimming.

Throughout the year, Calpe experiences relatively low rainfall, with the wettest months being September and October. However, even during the wetter months, rainfall is typically moderate and intermittent, and it does not significantly impact outdoor activities.

Overall, Calpe's Mediterranean climate offers a pleasant and inviting environment for tourists, with mild winters and hot summers, making it a desirable destination for beach lovers and outdoor enthusiasts.

Geography

It occupies a prime location between the cities of Valencia to the north and Alicante to the south. Here are some details about the geography of Calpe:

• Coastline and Beaches: Calpe is known for its stunning coastline and beautiful beaches. The town stretches along approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) of coastline, offering a mix of sandy beaches and rocky coves. The main beaches in Calpe include Playa de la Fossa (Levante Beach) and Playa Arenal-Bol, both of which are popular with tourists. The coastline is dotted with rocky cliffs and the iconic Peñón de Ifach, a massive limestone rock formation that dominates the landscape.
• Peñón de Ifach: The Peñón de Ifach is one of the most distinctive features of Calpe's geography. It rises to a height of 332 meters (1,089 feet) and is connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. The rock formation is now a natural park and offers hiking trails that lead to its summit, providing panoramic views of the surrounding area.
• Sierra de Olta: Located inland from Calpe, the Sierra de Olta is a mountain range that adds to the town's picturesque landscape. It offers opportunities for hiking and exploring nature, with trails leading to viewpoints that offer breathtaking views of the coast and the surrounding countryside.
• Salt Flats: Calpe is home to the Salinas de Calpe, or salt flats, which are located on the southern outskirts of the town. These salt pans have been used for salt production for centuries. The shallow pools reflect the sky, creating a unique and picturesque sight. The salt flats are also an important habitat for various bird species.
• Agriculture: The region surrounding Calpe is known for its agricultural activities. The fertile land is used for cultivating crops such as citrus fruits, almonds, and olives. Agriculture continues to be an important part of the local economy, along with tourism and fishing.

Calpe's geography offers a diverse natural environment, with a combination of coastline, mountains, and agricultural land. Its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea provides a pleasant climate and opportunities for water activities, while the nearby mountains and countryside offer options for hiking and exploring nature. The distinctive landmarks, such as the Peñón de Ifach, contribute to the town's unique charm and attract visitors from around the world.