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Naples is a historic city in Southern Italy that has a rich and complex history. The city was founded by the ancient Greeks in the 8th century BC and was known as Neapolis, which means "new city" in Greek. The city was strategically located on the Bay of Naples and quickly became an important center of trade and commerce in the Mediterranean.

Over the centuries, Naples was ruled by a succession of powers including the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Normans, Angevins, Aragonese, Bourbons, and finally, the Italian state. Each of these powers left its mark on the city's architecture, culture, and cuisine.

During the Roman period, Naples was a prosperous city and home to many wealthy patricians. The city was also a center of early Christianity and is said to have been visited by the apostle Paul. In the Middle Ages, Naples was ruled by a series of powerful dynasties, including the Normans, who left behind many impressive monuments such as the Castel dell'Ovo and the Castel Nuovo.

In the Renaissance period, Naples was a center of art and culture and was home to many notable figures, including the poet Giambattista Basile and the artist Caravaggio. However, the city also suffered from social and economic problems, and was plagued by poverty, crime, and disease.